Introduction to Current Concepts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Quiz



1. ________________ is an artifact that results from the ultrasound beam not striking tendon fibers at 90°. Failure to recognize this artifact may result in a misdiagnosis of a tendon tear.

through transmission

anistrophy

echogenicity

none of the above


2. The wavy appearance of the biceps tendon near the radial tuberosity may be the result of _______________.

tenosynovitis

bursitis

partial thickness tear

a & c only

none of the above


3. Lateral epicondylitis otherwise know as _________________ and affects the deep fibers of the _____________________ which appear hypoechoic from focal degeneration.

"tennis elbow", common extensor tendons

"golfers elbow" ,common flexor tendons

"jumpers knee" , patellar tendon

none of the above


4. The _______________ is a major stabilizer for the elbow and can be injured with valgus forces.

olecranon ligament

tibio- talar ligament

radial collateral ligament

ulnar collateral ligament


5. Where is the most common location for a triceps tendon tear?

just distal to the olecranon process

proximal to the head of the ulna

at the medial epicondyle of the humerus

just proximal to the olecranon tip


6. ______________ is a common cause of locking of the elbow and is not always seen on radiography.

pannus

hyperemia

loose bodies

gout


7. What four muscle groups contribute their tendon fibers to form the quadriceps tendon?

gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, rectus lateralis, rectus medialis

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius  

soleus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, iliotibial band.

none of the above


8. Most quadriceps tendon tears occur within the first ____________ of its insertion onto the patella and are ____________________ involving the _________________ fibers of the rectus femoris.

2 cm, incomplete, central

3 cm, complete, central

4 cm, incomplete, outer

2 cm, complete, central


9. A mass in the distal thigh or “pseudo tumor” can be the result of a tear of the ______________ and a failure to diagnose may result in difficulty to repair the injury.

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis

biceps femoris

none of the above


10. Chronic patellar subluxations are most often seen in ______________. Typical history may be the knee “going out” when climbing stairs.

adult males with gout

young adolescent boys

elderly females

elderly males

young adolescent females


11. The ______________ is slightly posterior to the midline of the condyle at the knee and is cord-like in appearance as it courses posteriorly to the fibular head.

iliotibial band

lateral meniscus

anterior cruciate ligament

lateral collateral ligament


12. "______________________" associated with thickening of the iliotibial band. The primary cause of this pathology is irritation caused by the rubbing of the iliotibial band over the lateral femoral condyle.

Jumper’s knee

runner’s knee

flexor tendonitis

extensor tendonitis


13. A ______________ is a common pathology associated with fenestration of a normal bursa between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semi-membranous tendons.

ganglion

meniscal cyst

Bakers’ cyst

tendinosis


14. What three (3) common extensor tendons are seen anterior in the ankle?

anterior tibial, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus.

peroneal extensor, extensor mini digitorum, lateral collateral

posterior tibial, flexor digitorum, extensor carpi

none of the above


15. One of the most commonly injured ligaments of the ankle is the ___________. This ligament is involved in about 70% of ligament disruptions.

deltoid ligament

peroneus longus

peroneus brevis

anterior talofibular ligament


16. A leaking Bakers cyst can

have a rat tail inferior pole

be complicated by inflammation or hemorrhage

produce symptoms of pseudo-thrombophlebitis

produce symptoms of muscle tear in the gastrocnemius

all of the above


17. What tendon in the ankle is commonly damaged because it is trapped between an adjacent tendon and a bony surface?

peroneus longus tendon

posterior tibial tendon

peroneus brevis tendon

flexor hallucis longus

anterior tibial tendon


18. What tendon supports the medial arch of the foot?

peroneus longus tendon

posterior tibial tendon

peroneus brevis tendon

flexor hallucis longus

anterior tibial tendon


19. The Achilles tendon is

formed from gastrocnemius and soleus fibers

a source of chronic posterior ankle and heel pain

associated with “beer belly”  tendinosis 

permanently damaged if an acute tear is not repaired

not usually ruptured at the distal insertion  

all of the above