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Chapter 8: The Knee

8.2.6 - Axial Proton Density Images

Timing
Parameters
Series 5
Axial
PD FSE-XL
TR/TE
4000/min full
ETL
8
Flip Angle
RBW
21 kHz
FOV
14 cm
Matrix
256 x 192
Slice Thickness
4mm
Interslice Gap
1mm
NEX
2
Acquisition Time
3:12
Fat Sat
no
No Phase Wrap
yes
EDR
no
Freq
A/P

The axial PD-weighted images are important for examination of the patellofemoral compartment articular cartilage, the collateral ligaments, and cruciate ligaments. As with the proton density images in the sagittal plane, it is important to pay attention to the inter-echo spacing and echo train length to avoid blurring due to T2 decay of the high spatial frequencies of k-space. It is important to specify that the frequency direction be A/P so that pulsation artifact from the popliteal artery does not obscure the patellofemoral joint articular cartilage.

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